Bitter gourd / Bitter Melon is a fast
growing warm seasonal climbing annual, native to South Asia. It is known as
'Karela' in Hindi. It tastes bitter due to a compound known as quinine and this is only reason that it is used as a
treatment of malaria. Apart from that bitter gourd has many other medicinal properties
like high calcium, potassium and phosphorous and fiber content. Vitamins B1, B2,
B3 and C are also found in it.
Propagation
Seeds
are best way to start bitter gourd plants. Soak seeds in water for at least 24
hrs before sowing for best results. 2 or 3 seeds can be sown together ½ inch
deep in soil. Seeds will germinate in 2-3 days. The germinated seeds can be
replanted on raised beds 18-24 inches apart.
If
you are using transplanting method then do take care while rooting out
seedlings to avoid disturbance to root system.
Soil
Bitter
gourd grows well in a sandy loam soil. Use well drained soil, pH ranging from
5.5 – 6.7 enriched with organic matter like compost, dried manure.
Sun
/ Temperature
This
plant thrives in heat and humidity. As temperature rises, it grows quickly.
Minimum 6 hrs of sun light is required. Extreme low temperature can hamper
growth.
Watering
Regular
watering is essential for good growth of the plant but do not overwater the
plants.
Fertilizer
If
you worked compost into soil before planting, you can still add some slow
release vegetable fertilizer like 14-14-14 at planting time. Feed plant with
another dose of fertilizer in growing season. Water plants immediately after
fertilizing.
Trellising
Plants
As
bitter gourd grows as a vine so it is necessary to save fruits from getting in
touch with wet or moist ground. Make the vine climb on fence or any other
support, this process is known as trellising. You can mulch the ground with dried
leaves, straw etc thus avoiding any direct contact of fruit and soil.
Harvesting
Harvest
the crop after 2 to 4 months of planting. Mature fruits are light green and
juicy but bitter. Pick the fruits every 2-3 days when they are still at the
tender stage. Regular picking is important as fruits will become bitterer as
they mature and it can also hamper the growth of new fruits.
Leave
some fruits to reach full maturity if they have to be reserved for subsequent
crops. When fully mature, the fruits will break open and release brown or white
seeds which can be collected.
i planted karela in may 2013 from the seeds of an overripe karela bought from regular market. though vines developed very fast, the fruit size was only about 3-4 inches. vines kept appearing and growing till october. Now that winter has approached, should i cut off the vines leaving the base root in the pot and wait till May or should i get new seeds to sow next summer? i am in pune and the pots receive 6 hrs of sunshine even during winters.
ReplyDeleteHi Sameer, Most of vegetables are annuals ( they will grow, flower and fruit with in one season), so better get new seeds and sow next summer. The existing vines may not be flowering and fruiting for next year. Hope it helps.
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